Benford Online Bibliography

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Abate, GT, de Brauw, A, Gibson, J, Hirvonen, K and Wolle, A (2020). Telescoping causes overstatement in recalled food consumption: Evidence from a survey experiment in Ethiopia. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1976. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). DOI:10.2499/p15738coll2.134161.
Abdulazizov, H (2021). Real Unemployment Measurement in Azerbaijan. Baku Research Institute September 27.
Abrantes-Metz, RM and Bajari, P (2009). Screens for Conspiracies and Their Multiple Applications. Antitrust 24(1), pp. 66-71. ISSN/ISBN:2162-996X.
Abrantes-Metz, RM, Kraten, M, Metz, AD and Seow, G (2012). Libor Manipulation?. Journal of Banking & Finance 36(1), pp. 136-150. ISSN/ISBN:0378-4266. DOI:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.06.014.
Abrantes-Metz, RM and Villas-Boas, SB (2010). Tracking the Libor Rate. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1646600. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1646600.
Abrantes-Metz, RM, Villas-Boas, SB and Judge, G (2011). Tracking the Libor rate. Applied Economics Letters 18(10), pp. 893-899. ISSN/ISBN:1466-4291. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2010.515197.
Abumrad, J and Krulwich, R (2009). From Benford to Erdős. WNYC Radiolab, Season 6, Episode 5, October 9, 2009.
ACL Services Ltd. (2012). About Benford analysis. Software documentation website (last retrieved 24Jan2014).
Adam, A and Tsarsitalidou, S (2022). Data misreporting during the COVID19 crisis: The role of political institutions. Economics Letters 213, p. 110348. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110348.
Adam, I, Fazekas, M, Kazmina, Y, Teremy, Z, Tóth, B, Villamil, IR and Wachs, J (2022). Public procurement cartels: A systematic testing of old and new screens. Government Transparency Institute Working Paper series: GTI-WP/2022:01, Budapest, Hungary.
Adhikari, AK (1969). Some Results on Distribution of Most Significant Digit. Sankhya-The Indian Journal of Statistics Series B, 31 (Dec), pp. 413-420. ISSN/ISBN:0581-5738.
Adhikari, AK and Sarkar, BP (1968). Distribution of most significant digit in certain functions whose arguments are random variables. Sankhya-The Indian Journal of Statistics Series B, no. 30, pp. 47-58. ISSN/ISBN:0581-5738.
Afanasiev, S, Smirnova, A and Kotereva, D (2021). Itsy Bitsy SpiderNet: Fully Connected Residual Network for Fraud Detection. Preprint arXiv:2105.08120 [cs.LG]; last accessed May 24, 2021.
Aggarwal, R and Lucey, BM (2007). Psychological barriers in gold prices?. Review of Financial Economics 16, pp. 217–230. DOI:10.1016/j.rfe.2006.04.001.
Aggarwal, V and Dharni, K (2020). Deshelling the Shell Companies Using Benford’s Law: An Emerging Market Study. Vikalpa 45(3), pp. 160-169. DOI:10.1177/0256090920979695.
Agyemang, EF, Mensah, JA and Nyarko, E (2023). How dependable is World Continental COVID-19 data? Disclosure of Inconsistencies in Daily Reportage Confirmed Cases, Recovered and Deaths During First Wave. Preprint – submitted to Heliyon. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4516032.
Agyemang, EF, Nortey, ENN, Minkah, R and Asah-Asante, K (2023). Baseline comparative analysis and review of election forensics: Application to Ghana’s 2012 and 2020 presidential elections. Heliyon 9 p. e18276. DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18276.
Agyemang, EF, Nortey, ENN, Minkah, R and Asah-Asante, K (2023). The unfolding mystery of the numbers: First and second digits based comparative tests and its application to ghana’s elections. Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 18(2), pp. 183-192. DOI:10.3233/MAS-221418.
Ahmad, S, Latif, DA, Mahmood, DM, Aslam, R, Abiddin, ZU, Mumtaz, H, Ahmed, K, Mehdi, W and begum, W (2022). Terminal digit preference and the accuracy of breast cancer diameter reporting based on Benford's law. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. DOI:10.1016/ j.amsu.2022.103993.
Akinadewo, IS and Akinkoye, EY (2020). Tax Evasion Detection in Nigeria: Analysis of the Specific Forensic Accounting Techniques Used. The Business and Management Review 11(1), pp. 131-139.
Akkaş, ME (2007). Denetimde Benford Kanununun Uygulanmasi (Application of Benford's Law in Audit). Gazi Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, vol.9, no.1, pp. 191-206. TUR
Akkaş, ME (2015). Altın Getirileri Dağılımının Newcomb-Benford Kanunu İle Testi [Testing Distribution of Gold Returns by Newcomb-Benford Law]. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8(40), pp. 577-584. DOI:10.17719/jisr.20154013940. TUR
Al-Bandawi, H and Deng, G (2018). Blind image quality assessment based on Benford's law. IET Image Processing 12(11), pp. 1983 – 1993. DOI:10.1049/iet-ipr.2018.5385 .
Al-Bandawi, H and Deng, G (2019). Classification of image distortion based on the generalized Benford’s law. Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1-18. DOI:10.1007/s11042-019-7668-3.
Al-Marzouki, S, Evans, S, Marshall, T and Roberts, I (2005). Are these data real? Statistical methods for the detection of data fabrication in clinical trials. Brit. Med. J 331, pp. 267-270. DOI:10.1136/bmj.331.7511.267.
Al-Rawashdeh, F (2017). Applying Benford's law into Jordanian insurance companies to identify earning's manipulations. Business and Economic Horizons 13(2), pp. 210-223. DOI:10.15208/beh.2017.16.
Alagöz, A and Ay, M (2001). Muhasebe denetiminde Benford kanunu temelli dijital analiz [Benford's law-based digital analysis in auditing]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 4, pp. 59-76. TUR
Alagöz, Ali ve Mustafa Ay and Ay, M (2001). Denetimde Benford Kanunu'nun Uygulanması [Application of Benford's Law in Audit]. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 9(1), p. 63. TUR
Alali, FA and Romero, S (2013). Benford’s Law: Analyzing a decade of financial data. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-39. DOI:10.2308/jeta-50749.
Alawadhi, A, Karpoff, J, Koski, JL and Martin, GD (2023). The prevalence and price distorting effects of undetected financial misrepresentation: Empirical evidence. Preprint.
Albers, DJ (1995). Professor of ~~Magic~~ Mathematics. Math Horizons Vol 2(3), February, pp. 11-15.
Albrecht, CC (2008). Fraud and forensic accounting in a digital environment. White Paper for The Institute for Fraud Prevention, Brigham Young University.
Albrecht, CC, Albrecht, WS and Dunn, JG (2000). Conducting a Pro-Active Fraud Audit: A Case Study. The Journal of Forensic Accounting II: pp. 203-218. ISSN/ISBN:1524-5586.
Albrecht, J (2000). Die Eins von Planet Zob. Die Zeit, 28 September. GER
Albrecht, WS and Albrecht, CC (2002). Root out financial deception. Journal of Accountancy 193(4), pp. 30-34. ISSN/ISBN:0021-8448.
Aldous, D and Phan, T (2009). When Can One Test an Explanation? Compare and Contrast Benford's Law and the Fuzzy CLT. Class project report, Statistics Department, UC Berkeley.
Aldous, D and Phan, T (2010). When Can One Test an Explanation? Compare and Contrast Benford's Law and the Fuzzy CLT. The American Statistician 64(3), pp. 221–227. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.1198/tast.2010.09098.
Aleksandrova, EB, Lavrova, DS and Yarmak, AV (2019). Benford’s Law in the Detection of DoS Attacks on Industrial Systems. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 53(8), pp. 954–962. DOI:10.3103/S0146411619080030.
Alekseyev, MA (2016). Primenimost' zakona Benforda dlya opredeleniya dostovernosti finansovoy otchotnosti [The applicability of Benford's law to determine the reliability of financial statements]. Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State. Un. economics and management, No. 4, pp. 114-128. RUS
Alexander, J (2009). Remarks on the use of Benford's law. Social Science Research Network (November 13, 2009). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1505147 or . DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1505147.
Alexopoulos, T and Leontsinis, S (2014). Benford's Law in Astronomy. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 35(4), pp. 639-648. ISSN/ISBN:0250-6335. DOI:10.1007/s12036-014-9303-z.
Ali, A and Haque, S (2022). Application of Benford’s law to COVID-19 cases in selected countries of the Caribbean and globally. Caribbean Medical Journal. ISSN/ISBN:2664-5599.
Alipour, A and Alipour, S (2019). Application of Benford’s Law in Analyzing Geotechnical Data. Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal 52(2), pp. 323 – 334. DOI:10.22059/ceij.2019.272005.1534.
Allaart, PC (1997). An invariant-sum characterization of Benford's law. Journal of Applied Probability 34(1), pp. 288-291.
Allbright, JA and Merz, CJ (2019). Data analysis systems and methods for identifying recurring payment programs. Patent US2019/014748A Issued on May 16, 2019.
Allen, DP (1999). A new approach to the first digit phenomenon. The Toth-Maatian Review 14(3), pp. 6839-6847.
Alshaikh, L (2022). Benford's Law on Social Media. Young Scientists Journal, posted January 16, 2022, last accessed January 31, 2022.
Altamirano, C and Robledo, A (2009). Generalized Thermodynamics underlying the laws of Zipf and Benford. In: J. Zhou (ed.), Complex Sciences 2009, Part II, LNICST 5, pp. 2232-2237. ISSN/ISBN:1867-8211. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-02469-6_100.
Altamirano, C and Robledo, A (2011). Possible thermodynamic structure underlying the laws of Zipf and Benford. Eur. Phys. J. B 81, pp. 345-351. ISSN/ISBN:1434-6036. DOI:10.1140/epjb/e2011-10968-5.
Alves, AD, Yanasee, HH and Soma, NY (2016). An analysis of bibliometric indicators to JCR according to Benford’s law. Scientometrics 107(3), pp. 1489–1499. DOI:10.1007/s11192-016-1908-3.
Alves, AD, Yanasse, HH and Soma, NY (2014). Benford's Law and articles of scientific journals: comparison of JCR® and Scopus data. Scientometrics 98, pp. 173-184. ISSN/ISBN:0138-9130. DOI:10.1007/s11192-013-1030-8.
Alves, AM and Lyra, CS (2008). Manchas Solares y la Ley de Newcomb-Benford. . RELEA 6, pp. 21-31. DOI:10.37156/RELEA/2008.06.021. SPA
Amanda Bowman, A (2016). Contributions to the Testing of Benford's Law. Masters Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Amerini, I, Becarelli, R, Caldelli, R, Del Mastio, A and (2014). Splicing forgeries localization through the use of first digit features. Proceedings of 2014 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS), Atlanta, GA, USA, 2014, pp. 143-148 . DOI:10.1109/WIFS.2014.7084318.
Amershi, AH and Feroz, EH (2000). The occurrence of Fibanocci numbers in time series of financial accounting ratios: Anomalies or indicators of firm survival, bankruptcy and fraud? An exploratory study. Managerial Finance 26(11), pp. 5-20. DOI:10.1108/03074350010766954.
Amiram, D, Bozanic, Z and Rouen, E (2015). Financial statement errors: evidence from the distributional properties of financial statement numbers. Review of Accounting Studies 20(4), pp. 1540–1593. DOI:10.1007/s11142-015-9333-z.
Amouzegar, M and Moshirvaziri, K (2018). Information Security and Benford’s Law . Posted on Decision Sciences Institute blog May 3; last accessed October 11, 2019.
Amouzegar, MA, Moshirvaziri, K and Snyder, D (2018). Benford's Law And Its Application To Modern Information Security. Proceedings of 47th Annual Meeting of WDSI (Western Decision Sciences Institute) .
Amruthnath, N (2020). Benford’s Law: Applying to Existing Data. Posted on R-bloggers.com, last accessed August 29, 2020.
Anab, F, Khaliq, A and Younas, I (2021). A Statistical Analysis of Covid-19 Data of Pakistan by Applying Benford’s Law. Journal of Applied Pharmacy 13, pp. 55-60.
Anderson, KM, Dayaratna, K, Gonshorowski, D and Miller, SJ (2022). A New Benford Test for Clustered Data with Applications to American Elections. Stats 5(3), pp. 841–855. DOI:10.3390/stats5030049 .
Anderson, TC, Rolen, L and Stoehr, R (2011). Benford's Law for Coefficients of Modular Forms and Partition Functions. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 139, No. 5, May 2011, pp. 1533-1541. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9939.
Andriotis, P, Oikonomou, G and Tryfonas, T (2013). JPEG steganography detection with Benford's law. Digital Investigation 9(3-4), pp. 246-57. DOI:10.1016/j.diin.2013.01.005.
Anonymous (2007). A Guide to Benford’s Law. A CaseWare IDEA Research Department Document; last accessed December 7, 2019.
Anonymous (2008). Ley de Benford. Blog posted on Estadistica para todos; last accessed January 4, 2022. SPA
Anonymous (2011). Corporate Fraud: Every good boy deserves fudged profits. The Economist, October 13.
Anonymous (2012). The scam busters. The Economist, Dec 15th, Free Exchange.
Anonymous (2014). Benford's Law. Online posting last accessed 22 Feb 2016.
Anonymous (2016). How to: Apply Benford’s Law in Excel to Detect Fraudulent Activity. Posted on oregonaudits.org blog January 5; last accessed October 11, 2019.
Anonymous (2016). The Diary of Frank Benford. Ebook published by ACL Software, September 28.
Antonio, GR (2023). Numbers Don’t Lie: Decoding Financial Error and Fraud through Benford’s Law. UTSAHA (Journal of Entrepreneurship) 2(3) . DOI:10.56943/joe.v2i3.367.
Antunes, AM, Teixeira, D and Sousa, F (2023). Benford’s Law: the fraud detection’s left hand. Proceedings of 18th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), Aveiro, Portugal, pp. 1-6. DOI:10.23919/CISTI58278.2023.10211738.
Aono, JY and Guan, L (2008). The Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Cosmetic Earnings Management. Research in Accounting Regulation, Vol. 20, pp. 205–215. ISSN/ISBN:1052-0457. DOI:10.1016/S1052-0457(07)00212-3.
Archambault, JJ and Archambault, ME (2011). Earnings management among firms during the pre-SEC era: a Benford’s law analysis. The Accounting Historians Journal Vol. 38, No. 2 (December 2011), pp. 145-170 . ISSN/ISBN:0148-4184.
Arezzo, MF and Cerqueti, R (2023). A Benford’s Law view of inspections’ reasonability. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 632, Part 1, pp. 129294. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2023.129294.
Aris, NA, Othman, R, Arif, SMM, Malek, MAA and Omar, N (2013). Fraud Detection: Benford’s Law vs Beneish Model. 2013 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research (SHUSER).
Aris, NA, Othman, R, Bukhori, MAM, Arif, SMM and Malek, MAA (2017). Detecting Accounting Anomalies Using Benford’s Law: Evidence from the Malaysian Public Sector. Management & Accounting Review 16(2), pp. 73-100.
Arita, M (2005). Scale-freeness and biological networks. Journal of Biochemistry, 138 (1): 1-4. ISSN/ISBN:0021-924X. DOI:10.1093/jb/mvi094.
Arkan, MM (2010). Analisis Penggunaan Benford’s Law Dalam perencanaan Audit Pada Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai. [Analysis of the use of Benford's Law in planning an audit at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise]. Masters thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, and presentation at Simposium Nasional Akuntansi XIII. Purwokerto, Indonesia. IND
Armstrong, JS (2001). Extrapolation for time-series and cross-sectional data. . In: Principles of Forecasting: a Handbook for Researchers and Practitioners, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Aron, J (2013). Mathematical crime-fighter helps hunt for alien worlds. New Scientist Online, 28 November 2013.
Aron, J (2013). Crime-fighting maths law confirms planetary riches. New Scientist, 220(2945), p. 12. ISSN/ISBN:1364-8500. DOI:10.1016/S0262-4079(13)62775-X.
Arshadi, L and Jahangir, AH (2014). Benford's law behavior of Internet traffic. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 40, April 2014, pp. 194–205. ISSN/ISBN:1084-8045. DOI:10.1016/j.jnca.2013.09.007.
Arslan, U, Calıyurt, KT and Kahyaoglu, SB (2024). Financial statement anomaly detection based on Benford law and Beneish model: Case of a public sector hospital. The EDP Audit, Control, and Security Newsletter 69, pp.69-87. DOI:10.1080/07366981.2024.2312018.
Asadi, AN (2015). An approach for detecting anomalies by assessing the inter-arrival time of UDP packets and flows using Benford's law. 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI), Tehran, pp. 257-262. DOI:10.1109/KBEI.2015.7436057.
Aschwanden, D and Diekmann, A (2011). Analyse der Schweizer Nationalratswahlen von 2007 mit dem Benford’schen Gesetz. Gruppenarbeit an der ETH Zürich, betreut von Prof. Andreas Diekmann. GER
Ascioglu, A, Gonzalez, J and Zbib, L (2021). Analysis of Sustainability Reports for Top 20 Companies in the S&P 500 Index. The Journal of Impact and ESG Investing 2(2). DOI:10.3905/jesg.2021.1.036.
Ascioglu, A, Gonzalez, J and Zbib, L (2022). Practical Applications of Analysis of Sustainability Reports for Top 20 Companies in the S&P 500 Index. Practical Applications 9(2). DOI:10.3905/pa.2022.pa516.
Ashcraft, MH (1992). Cognitive arithmetic: A review of data and theory. Cognition 44 (Aug), pp. 75-106. ISSN/ISBN:0010-0277. DOI:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90051-I.
Ashcraft, MH and Christy, KS (1995). The Frequency of Arithmetic Facts in Elementary Texts: Addition and Multiplication in Grades 1-6. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 26(5), pp. 396-421.
Asllani, A and Naco, M (2014). Using Benford’s Law for Fraud Detection in Accounting Practices. Journal of Social Science Studies 2(1), pp. 129-143. DOI:10.5296/jsss.v2i1.6395.
Auffhammer, M and Carson, RT (2007). Forecasting the Path of China’s CO2 Emissions: Offsetting Kyoto - And Then Some. Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, UCB CUDARE Working Papers no. 971 (University of California, Berkeley).
Auffhammer, M and Carson, RT (2008). Forecasting the path of China's CO₂ emissions using province-level information. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. 55(3), pp. 229-247. ISSN/ISBN:0095-0696. DOI:10.1016/j.jeem.2007.10.002.
Ausloos, M, Castellano, R and Cerqueti, R (2016). Regularities and discrepancies of credit default swaps: a data science approach through Benford's law. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 90, pp. 8-17. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2016.03.002.
Ausloos, M, Cerqueti, R and Lupi, C (2017). Long-range properties and data validity for hydrogeological time series: The case of the Paglia river. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 470, pp. 39-50. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2016.11.137.
Ausloos, M, Cerqueti, R and Mir, TA (2017). Data science for assessing possible tax income manipulation: The case of Italy. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 104, pp. 238–256. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2017.08.012.
Ausloos, M, Ficcadenti, V, Dhesi, G and Shakeel, M (2021). Benford’s laws tests on S&P500 daily closing values and the corresponding daily log-returns both point to huge non-conformity. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 574, pp. 125969. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2021.125969.
Ausloos, M, Ficcadenti, V, Dhesi, G and Shakeel, M (2021). Benford's laws tests on S&P500 daily closing values and the corresponding daily log-returns both point to huge non-conformity. Preprint arXiv:2104.07962 [q-fin.ST]; last accessed April 30, 2021. To appear in: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 574. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2021.125969.
Ausloos, M, Herteliu, C and Ileanu, B-V (2015). Breakdown of Benford’s law for birth data. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications Volume 419, pp. 736–745. ISSN/ISBN:0378-4371. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2014.10.041.
Australia, H (2020). Joe Biden’s votes violate Benford’s Law (Mathematics). Posted on GNews.org blog Nov 7, 2020; last accessed November 8, 2020.
Avcı, O and Demirci, Z (2016). Benford Kanunu’nun Vergi Denetiminde Kullanımı Ve Bir Örnek Uygulama [Use of Benford's Law in Tax Auditing and A Sample Application] . İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırması Dergisi 5(7), pp. 2232-2246. DOI:10.15869/itobiad.260262. TUR
Avery, N and Xin, Z (2013). China Export Surge Spurs Data Skepticism at Goldman, UBS. Bloomberg News, January 13, 2013.
Awad, MM (2022). Evaluation of COVID-19 Reported Statistical Data Using Cooperative Convolutional Neural Network Model (CCNN). COVID 2(5), pp. 674–690. DOI:10.3390/covid2050051.
Ay, B and Efrem, N (2021). Benford’s law applied to sale prices on the Swedish housing market. Bachelor thesis, Department of Statistics Nr 2021:13, Stockholms Universitet.
Aybars, A and Ataunal, L (2016). An application of Benford’s law to fundamental accounting figures reported by Borsa Istanbul (BIST) companies. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting 3(3), pp. 234-243. DOI:10.17261/Pressacademia.2016321991.
Aydın, S (2017). Muhasebe hilelerinin tespit edilmesinde Benford Yasasının Kullanılması [Using Benford's Law to detect accounting fraud]. Master Thesis, Okan University Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul. TUR
Azevedo, CdS, Gonçalves, RF, Gava, VL and Spinola, MdM (2021). A Benford’s Law based methodology for fraud detection in social welfare programs: Bolsa Familia analysis. Physica A 567, p. 125626. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2020.125626.
Azevedo, CdS, Gonçalves, RF, Gava, VL and Spinola, MdM (2021). A Benford’s Law based method for fraud detection using R Library. MethodsX 2021. DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2021.101575.
Badal-Valero, E, Alvarez-Jareño, JA and Pavía, JM (2018). Combining Benford's Law and machine learning to detect money laundering. An actual Spanish court case. Forensic Science International 282, pp. 24-34. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.008.
Badkar, M (2013). Benford's Law Raises New Doubts About Chinese Economic Data. Business Insider, Jan 11, 2013; last accessed Jun 13, 2019.
Baer, MB (2006). Rényi to Rényi - Source Coding under Siege. Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Seattle, WA, pp. 1258--1262. DOI:10.1109/ISIT.2006.262027.
Baer, MB (2006). Prefix coding under Siege. Preprint on CoRR archive: arXiv cs/0605099; last updated 28 March 2009.
Baer, MB (2007). Reserved-Length Prefix Coding. Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, {ISIT}, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 6-11, 2008, pp. 2469--2473. DOI:10.1109/ISIT.2008.4595435.
Baer, MB (2007). Bounds on Generalized Huffman Codes. Preprint on CoRR archive: arXiv cs/0702059; last updated 7 Oct 2010.
Baguzin, Z (2013). Benford law or first digit law. Posted on Warrior's Way Blog (in Russian) Jan 4, 2013; last accessed Mar 23, 2019. RUS
Bahmann, P (2015). Eine Analyse von monetären, makroökonomischen Daten der BRD und DDR: Ziffernanalyse auf Grundlage des Benford's Law [An analysis of monetary, macroeconomic data of the FRG and the GDR: numeric analysis on the basis of Benford’s Law. AV Akademikerverlag: Saarbrücken, Germany. ISSN/ISBN:978-3-639-80882-7. GER
Bailly, N (2006). Prominence trend in maximum lengths recorded for fishes: a preliminary analysis. In: Palomares, MLD, Stergiou, KI, and Pauly, D (eds.), Fishes in databases and ecosystems. Proceedings of the 2006 FishBase Symposium. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 2006, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 12-17. ISSN/ISBN:1198-6727.
Baiocchi, G (2004). Using Perl for Statistics: Data Processing and Statistical Computing. Journal of Statistical Software 11(1), pp. 1-75. DOI:10.18637/jss.v011.i01.
Baird, JC (1975). Psychophysical study of numbers: V. Preferred State Theory of Matching Functions. Psychological Research 38 (Jun), pp. 189-207. DOI:10.1007/BF00308524.
Baird, JC (1975). Psychophysical study of numbers: IV. Generalized Preferred State Theory. Psychological Research 38 (Jun), pp. 175-187. DOI:10.1007/BF00308523.
Baird, JC and Noma, E (1975). Psychophysical study of numbers: I. Generation of numerical responses. Psychological Research 37 (Dec), pp. 281-297. DOI:10.1007/BF00309723.
Bak-Coleman, J, Wack, M, Schafer, J, Spiro, E and West, J (2020). Vote Data Patterns used to Delegitimize the Election Results. Posted on EIPartnership.net November 6, 2020; last accessed December 1, 2020. NOTE: Some information in this posting has been disputed. Please see https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13015 for details.
Balado, F and Silvestre, GCM (2018). Towards Optimum Counterforensics of Multiple Significant Digits Using Majorisation-Minimisation. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Calgary, AB, 2018, pp. 2116-2120. DOI:10.1109/ICASSP.2018.8462378.
Balado, F and Silvestre, GCM (2021). Benford's Law: Hammering a Square Peg Into a Round Hole?. 29th European Conference on Signal Processing (EUSIPCO), Dublin, Ireland, August, 2021, pp. 796-800. ISSN/ISBN: 978-9-0827-9707-7.
Balado, F and Silvestre, GCM (2023). Generalised Benford Law. Classic HTML Society Repository.
Balado, F and Silvestre, GCM (2024). General Distributions of Number Representation Elements. Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 38(3), pp. 594-616 . DOI:10.1017/S0269964823000207.
Balamurugan, A, Harish, A and Gandhi, S (2019). Application of Benford's Law on Stock Turnover. International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) 8(01), pp. 63-67. ISSN/ISBN:2319 – 801X.
Balanzario, EP (2015). Benford’s law for mixtures. Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 44(4), pp. 698-709. DOI:10.1080/03610926.2012.752849.
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