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Hill, TP (1995). A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law. Statistical Science 10(4), pp. 354-363.

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Akkaş, ME (2007). Denetimde Benford Kanununun Uygulanmasi (Application of Benford's Law in Audit). Gazi Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, vol.9, no.1, pp. 191-206. TUR View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Akkaş, ME (2015). Altın Getirileri Dağılımının Newcomb-Benford Kanunu İle Testi [Testing Distribution of Gold Returns by Newcomb-Benford Law]. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 8(40), pp. 577-584. DOI:10.17719/jisr.20154013940. TUR View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Al-Rawashdeh, F (2017). Applying Benford's law into Jordanian insurance companies to identify earning's manipulations. Business and Economic Horizons 13(2), pp. 210-223. DOI:10.15208/beh.2017.16. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Alali, FA and Romero, S (2013). Benford’s Law: Analyzing a decade of financial data. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-39. DOI:10.2308/jeta-50749. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Albrecht, CC (2008). Fraud and forensic accounting in a digital environment. White Paper for The Institute for Fraud Prevention, Brigham Young University. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Aldous, D and Phan, T (2009). When Can One Test an Explanation? Compare and Contrast Benford's Law and the Fuzzy CLT. Class project report, Statistics Department, UC Berkeley. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Aldous, D and Phan, T (2010). When Can One Test an Explanation? Compare and Contrast Benford's Law and the Fuzzy CLT. The American Statistician 64(3), pp. 221–227. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.1198/tast.2010.09098. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Aleksandrova, EB, Lavrova, DS and Yarmak, AV (2019). Benford’s Law in the Detection of DoS Attacks on Industrial Systems. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 53(8), pp. 954–962. DOI:10.3103/S0146411619080030. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Alexander, J (2009). Remarks on the use of Benford's law. Social Science Research Network (November 13, 2009). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1505147 or . DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1505147. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Amanda Bowman, A (2016). Contributions to the Testing of Benford's Law. Masters Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
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Amouzegar, M and Moshirvaziri, K (2018). Information Security and Benford’s Law . Posted on Decision Sciences Institute blog May 3; last accessed October 11, 2019. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Amouzegar, MA, Moshirvaziri, K and Snyder, D (2018). Benford's Law And Its Application To Modern Information Security. Proceedings of 47th Annual Meeting of WDSI (Western Decision Sciences Institute) . View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Anderson, KM, Dayaratna, K, Gonshorowski, D and Miller, SJ (2022). A New Benford Test for Clustered Data with Applications to American Elections. Stats 5(3), pp. 841–855. DOI:10.3390/stats5030049 . View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Anderson, TC, Rolen, L and Stoehr, R (2011). Benford's Law for Coefficients of Modular Forms and Partition Functions. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 139, No. 5, May 2011, pp. 1533-1541. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9939. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Aris, NA, Othman, R, Bukhori, MAM, Arif, SMM and Malek, MAA (2017). Detecting Accounting Anomalies Using Benford’s Law: Evidence from the Malaysian Public Sector. Management & Accounting Review 16(2), pp. 73-100. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Arshadi, L and Jahangir, AH (2014). Benford's law behavior of Internet traffic. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 40, April 2014, pp. 194–205. ISSN/ISBN:1084-8045. DOI:10.1016/j.jnca.2013.09.007. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Aschwanden, D and Diekmann, A (2011). Analyse der Schweizer Nationalratswahlen von 2007 mit dem Benford’schen Gesetz. Gruppenarbeit an der ETH Zürich, betreut von Prof. Andreas Diekmann. GER View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Ay, B and Efrem, N (2021). Benford’s law applied to sale prices on the Swedish housing market. Bachelor thesis, Department of Statistics Nr 2021:13, Stockholms Universitet. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Azevedo, CdS, Gonçalves, RF, Gava, VL and Spinola, MdM (2021). A Benford’s Law based methodology for fraud detection in social welfare programs: Bolsa Familia analysis. Physica A 567, p. 125626. DOI:10.1016/j.physa.2020.125626. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Badal-Valero, E, Alvarez-Jareño, JA and Pavía, JM (2018). Combining Benford's Law and machine learning to detect money laundering. An actual Spanish court case. Forensic Science International 282, pp. 24-34. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.008. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bailly, N (2006). Prominence trend in maximum lengths recorded for fishes: a preliminary analysis. In: Palomares, MLD, Stergiou, KI, and Pauly, D (eds.), Fishes in databases and ecosystems. Proceedings of the 2006 FishBase Symposium. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 2006, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 12-17. ISSN/ISBN:1198-6727. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
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Balashov, VS, Yan, Y and Zhu, X (2020). Who Manipulates Data During Pandemics? Evidence from Newcomb-Benford Law. Preprint arXiv:2007.14841 [econ.GN]; last accessed March 10, 2021. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Balashov, VS, Yan, Y and Zhu, X (2021). Using the Newcomb–Benford law to study the association between a country’s COVID-19 reporting accuracy and its development. Scientific Reports 11, pp. 22914. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-02367-z. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bannier, C, Ewelt-Knauer, C, Lips, J and Winker, P (2020). Benford’s Law and Its Application to Detecting Financial Fraud and Manipulation. Ch. 18 in: Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets: Malpractice, Misconduct and Manipulation, C. Alexander and D. Cumming (Eds.), John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, U.K., pp. 473-504. ISSN/ISBN:978-1-119-42177-1. View Complete Reference No online information available Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bannier, C, Ewelt-Knauer, C, Winker, P and Lips, J (2019). Benford’s law and its application to detecting financial fraud and manipulation. Chapter 5 of Econometric Modelling of Energy & Financial Markets, Doctoral Thesis of Johannes Lips, Justus-Liebig University Gießen . View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Bao, Y, Heilig, F, Lee, C-H and Lusk, EJ (2018). Full range testing of the small size effect bias for Benford screening: A note. International Journal of Economics and Finance 10(6), pp. 47-52. DOI:10.5539/ijef.v10n6p47. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bao, Y, Lee, C-H, Heilig, F and Lusk, EJ (2018). Empirical information on the small size effect bias relative to the false positive rejection error for Benford test-screening. International Journal of Economics and Finance 10(2), pp. 1-9. DOI:10.5539/ijef.v10n2p1. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerasa, A, Cerioli, A and Perrotta, D (2018). Goodness-of-fit testing for the Newcomb-Benford law with application to the detection of customs fraud. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 36(2), pp. 346-358. DOI:10.1080/07350015.2016.1172014. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerasa, A, Cerioli, A and Perrotta, D (2021). On characterizations and tests of Benford’s law. Journal of the American Statistical Association. DOI:10.1080/01621459.2021.1891927. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerioli, A and Di Marzio, M (2023). Statistical models and the Benford hypothesis: a unified framework. TEST. DOI:10.1007/s11749-023-00881-y. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barabesi, L, Cerioli, A and Perrotta, D (2021). Forum on Benford’s law and statistical methods for the detection of frauds. Statistical Methods & Applications 30, pp. 767–778. DOI:10.1007/s10260-021-00588-0. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Barbancho, I, Tardón, LJ, Barbancho, AM and Sbert, M (2016). Benford's Law for Music Analysis. Proceedings of the 16th ISMIR Conference, Malaga, Spain, pp. 735-741. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Baryła, M (2017). The First Significant Digit Distribution Analysis of Financial Data of Selected Companies from Media Sector Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Res. Pap. Wrocław Univ. Econ. 469, pp. 11–20. DOI:10.15611/pn.2017.469.01. POL View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Bauer, J and Gross, J (2011). Difficulties Detecting Fraud? The Use of Benford’s Law on Regression Tables. Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) 231(5-6), pp. 733-748. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Becker, T, Burt, D, Corcoran, TC, Greaves-Tunnell, A, Iafrate, JR, Jing, J, Miller, SJ, Porfilio, JD, Ronan, R, Samranvedhya, J, Strauch, FW and Talbut, B (2018). Benford's Law and Continuous Dependent Random Variables. Annals of Physics 388, pp. 350–381. DOI:10.1016/j.aop.2017.11.013. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Becker, T, Corcoran, TC, Greaves-Tunnell, A, Iafrate, JR, Jing, J, Miller, SJ, Porfilio, JD, Ronan, R, Samranvedhya, J and Strauch, FW (2013). Benford's Law and Continuous Dependent Random Variables. Preprint arXiv:1309.5603 [math.PR]; last accessed October 23, 2018. DOI:10.1016/j.aop.2017.11.013. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Benedito-Nunes, AM, Gamper, J, Chapman, SC, Friel, M and Gjerloev, JW (2023). Newcomb-Benford Law characterization of solar wind magnetic field and geomagnetic indices. Posted on Authorea; last accessed April 29, 2023. DOI:10.22541/essoar.168121593.35845953/v1. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Benedito-Nunes, AM, Gamper, J, Chapman, SC, Friel, M and Gjerloev, JW (2023). Newcomb-Benford Law as a generic flag for changes in the derivation of long-term solar terrestrial physics timeseries. RAS Techniques and Instruments, pp. rzad041. DOI:10.1093/rasti/rzad041. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Bera, A, Mishra, U, Roy, SS, Biswas, A, Sen, A and Sen, U (2018). Benford analysis of quantum critical phenomena: First digit provides high finite-size scaling exponent while first two and further are not much better. Physics Letters A 382(25), pp. 1639–1644 . DOI:10.1016/j.physleta.2018.04.020. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A (2005). Benford’s Law in power-like dynamical systems. Stochastics and Dynamics 5, pp. 587-607. ISSN/ISBN:0219-4937. DOI:10.1142/S0219493705001602. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A (2005). Multi-dimensional dynamical systems and Benford's law. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 13(1), pp. 219-237. ISSN/ISBN:1078-0947. DOI:10.3934/dcds.2005.13.219. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A (2011). Some dynamical properties of Benford sequences. Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 17(2), pp. 137-159. DOI:10.1080/10236198.2010.549012. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A, Bunimovich, LA and Hill, TP (2005). One-dimensional dynamical systems and Benford's law. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 357(1), pp. 197-219. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9947. DOI:10.1090/S0002-9947-04-03455-5. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Eshun, G (2014). Benford solutions of linear difference equations. Theory and Applications of Difference Equations and Discrete Dynamical Systems, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics Volume 102, pp. 23-60. ISSN/ISBN:978-3-662-44139-8. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-44140-4_2. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2007). Newton’s method obeys Benford’s law. American Mathematical Monthly 114 (7), pp. 588-601. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9890. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2010). Fundamental Flaws in Feller’s Classical Derivation of Benford’s Law. University of Alberta preprint; posted on math arXiv 14May 2010. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2011). Benford's Law Strikes Back: No Simple Explanation in Sight for Mathematical Gem. The Mathematical Intelligencer 33(1), pp. 85-91. DOI:10.1007/ s00283-010-9182-3. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2011). A basic theory of Benford's Law . Probability Surveys 8, pp. 1-126. DOI:10.1214/11-PS175. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2015). An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ. ISSN/ISBN:9780691163062. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2019). The Mathematics of Benford's Law--A Primer. Preprint arXiv:1909.07527 [math.ST]; last accessed September 22, 2019. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Hill, TP (2020). The mathematics of Benford’s law: a primer. Statistical Methods & Applications 30, pp. 779-795. DOI:10.1007/s10260-020-00532-8. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A, Hill, TP, Kaynar, B and Ridder, A (2011). Finite-state Markov Chains Obey Benford's Law. SIAM Journal of Matrix Analysis and Applications 32(3), pp. 665-684. DOI:10.1137/100789890. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A, Hill, TP and Morrison, KE (2008). Scale-Distortion Inequalities for Mantissas of Finite Data Sets. Journal of Theoretical Probability 21(1), pp. 97-117. ISSN/ISBN:0894-9840. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Siegmund, S (2007). On the distribution of mantissae in nonautonomous difference equations. Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 13(8-9), pp. 829-845. ISSN/ISBN:1023-6198. DOI:10.1080/10236190701388039. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Berger, A and Xu, C (2018). Best Finite Approximations of Benford’s Law. Journal of Theoretical Probability. DOI:10.1007/s10959-018-0827-z. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references No Bibliography works reference this work
Best, A, Dynes, P, Edelsbrunner, X, McDonald, B, Miller, SJ, Tor, K, Turnage-Butterbaugh, C and Weinstein, M (2014). Benford Behavior of Zeckendorf Decompositions. Fibonacci Quarterly 52(5), pp. 35–46. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Best, A, Dynes, P, Edelsbrunner, X, McDonald, B, Miller, SJ, Tor, K, Turnage-Butterbaugh, C and Weinstein, M (2017). Benford Behavior of Generalized Zeckendorf Decompositions. In: Nathanson M. (eds) Combinatorial and Additive Number Theory II. CANT 2015, CANT 2016. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 220. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-68032-3_3. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Betti, L, Durmić, I, McDonald, Z, Miller, JB and Miller, SJ (2023). Benfordness of Measurements Resulting from Box Fragmentation. Preprint arXiv:2304.08335 [math.PR]; last accessed April 29, 2023. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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Bi, Z, Durmić, I and Miller, SJ (2022). Benfordness of the Generalized Gamma Distribution. Preprint arXiv:2201.10514 [math.PR]; last accessed January 31, 2022. Published in The PUMP Journal of Undergraduate Research 5, pp. 89–104. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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Campanelli, L (2022). Monkeypox Obeys the (Benford's) Law: A Dynamic Analysis of Daily Case Counts in the United States of America. Preprint submitted to Statistics in Tran- sition new series.. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
Campanelli, L (2022). Tuning up the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for testing Benford’s law. Preprint on ResearchGate. View Complete Reference Online information Works that this work references Works that reference this work
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