This work cites the following items of the Benford Online Bibliography:
Alali, FA and Romero, S (2013). Benford’s Law: Analyzing a decade of financial data. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-39. DOI:10.2308/jeta-50749. | ![]() |
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Amiram, D, Bozanic, Z and Rouen, E (2015). Financial statement errors: evidence from the distributional properties of financial statement numbers. Review of Accounting Studies 20(4), pp. 1540–1593. DOI:10.1007/s11142-015-9333-z. | ![]() |
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Asllani, A and Naco, M (2014). Using Benford’s Law for Fraud Detection in Accounting Practices. Journal of Social Science Studies 2(1), pp. 129-143. DOI:10.5296/jsss.v2i1.6395. | ![]() |
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Barney, BB and Schulzke, KS (2016). Moderating "Cry Wolf" events with excess MAD in Benford's law research and practice. J. Forensic Account. Res. 1 (1), A66–A90. DOI:10.2308/jfar-51622. | ![]() |
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Baryła, M (2017). The First Significant Digit Distribution Analysis of Financial Data of Selected Companies from Media Sector Listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Res. Pap. Wrocław Univ. Econ. 469, pp. 11–20. DOI:10.15611/pn.2017.469.01. POL | ![]() |
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Benford, F (1938). The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Mar. 31, 1938), pp. 551-572. | ![]() |
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Berger, A and Hill, TP (2015). An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ. ISSN/ISBN:9780691163062. | ![]() |
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Carslaw, CAPN (1988). Anomalies in Income Numbers: Evidence of Goal Oriented Behavior. The Accounting Review 63(2), pp. 321-327. | ![]() |
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Cho, WKT and Gaines, BJ (2007). Breaking the (Benford) law: Statistical fraud detection in campaign finance. American Statistician 61(3), pp. 218-223. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.1198/000313007X223496. | ![]() |
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Diaconis, P and Freedman, D (1979). On Rounding Percentages. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(366), pp. 359-364. ISSN/ISBN:0162-1459. | ![]() |
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Drake, PD and Nigrini, MJ (2000). Computer assisted analytical procedures using Benford’s law. Journal of Accounting Education 18, pp. 127-146. DOI:10.1016/S0748-5751(00)00008-7. | ![]() |
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Durtschi, C, Hillison, W and Pacini, C (2004). The effective use of Benford’s law to assist in detecting fraud in accounting data. Journal of Forensic Accounting 1524-5586/Vol. V, pp. 17-34. | ![]() |
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Guan, L, He, D and Yang, D (2006). Auditing, integral approach to quarterly reporting, and cosmetic earnings management. Managerial Auditing Journal 21(6), pp. 569-581. DOI:10.1108/02686900610674861. | ![]() |
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Hales, DN, Sridharan, V, Radhakrishnan, A, Chakravorty, SS and Sihad, SM (2008). Testing the accuracy of employee-reported data: An inexpensive alternative approach to traditional methods. European Journal of Operational Research 189(3), pp. 583-593. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1995). A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law. Statistical Science 10(4), pp. 354-363. ISSN/ISBN:0883-4237. | ![]() |
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Istrate, C (2019). Detecting earnings management using Benford’s Law: the case of Romanian listed companies. Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems 18(2), pp. 198-223. DOI:10.24818/jamis.2019.02003. | ![]() |
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Johnson, GC (2009). Using Benford’s Law to Determine if Selected Company Characteristics are Red Flags for Earnings Management. Journal of Forensic Studies in Accounting & Business, Vol. 1 Issue 2, pp. 39-65. | ![]() |
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Kossovsky, AE (2014). Benford's Law: Theory, the General Law of Relative Quantities, and Forensic Fraud Detection Applications. World Scientific Publishing Company: Singapore. ISSN/ISBN:978-981-4583-68-8. | ![]() |
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Kossovsky, AE (2021). On the Mistaken Use of the Chi-Square Test in Benford’s Law. Stats 4(2), pp. 419–453. DOI:10.3390/stats4020027. | ![]() |
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Kumar, K and Bhattacharya, S (2007). Detecting the dubious digits: Benford’s law in forensic accounting. Significance 4(2), pp. 81-83. DOI:10.1111/j.1740-9713.2007.00234.x. | ![]() |
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Mataković, IC (2019). The empirical analysis of financial reports of companies in Croatia: Benford distribution curve as a benchmark for first digits. Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics (CREBSS) 5(2), pp. 90-100 . DOI:10.2478/crebss-2019-0014. | ![]() |
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Máté, D, Sadaf, R, Tarnóczi, T and Fenyves, V (2017). Fraud Detection by Testing the Conformity to Benford’s Law in the Case of Wholesale Enterprises. Polish Journal Of Management Studies, 16(1), pp.115-126. DOI:10.17512/pjms.2017.16.1.10 . | ![]() |
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Miller, SJ and Nigrini, MJ (2008). Order Statistics and Benford's Law. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, Art. ID 382948. ISSN/ISBN:0161-1712. DOI:10.1155/2008/382948. | ![]() |
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Morales, HR, Porporato, M and Epelbaum, N (2021). Benford’s law for integrity tests of high-volume databases: a case study of internal audit in a state-owned enterprise. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science. DOI:10.1108/JEFAS-07-2021-0113. | ![]() |
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Morrow, J (2014). Benford’s Law, Families of Distributions and a Test Basis. Center for Economic Performance Discussion Paper No 1291. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (1994). Using digital frequencies to detect fraud. Fraud Magazine, The White Paper Index 8(2), pp. 3-6. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (1996). A taxpayer compliance application of Benford’s law. Journal of the American Taxation Association 18(1), pp. 72-91. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (2000). Digital Analysis Using Benford's Law: Tests and Statistics for Auditors. Global Audit Publications: Vancouver, Canada. DOI:10.1201/1079/43266.28.9.20010301/30389.4. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (2005). An Assessment of the Change in the Incidence of Earnings Management Around the Enron-Andersen Episode. Review of Accounting and Finance 4, pp. 92-110. DOI:10.1108/eb043420. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (2011). Forensic Analytics: Methods and Techniques for Forensic Accounting Investigations. John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, New Jersey; (2nd edition published in 2020, isbn 978-1-119-58576-3). ISSN/ISBN:978-0-470-89046-2. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (2015). Persistent Patterns in Stock Returns, Stock Volumes, and Accounting Data in the U.S. Capital Markets. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, Vol. 30(4) pp. 541–557. DOI:10.1177/0148558X15584051. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (2017). Audit Sampling Using Benford's Law: A Review of the Literature With Some New Perspectives. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 29–46. DOI:10.2308/jeta-51783. | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ (2022). Using Benford’s Law to reveal journal entry irregularities. Journal of Accountancy (Sep 2022). | ![]() |
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Nigrini, MJ and Mittermaier, LJ (1997). The use of Benford's Law as an aid in analytical procedures. Auditing - A Journal of Practice & Theory 16(2), 52-67. ISSN/ISBN:0278-0380. | ![]() |
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Özari, C and Ocak, M (2013). Detection of Earnings Management By Applying Benford's Law in Selected Accounts: Evidence From Quarterly Financial Statements of Turkish Public Companies. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences 59(4), pp. 37-52. | ![]() |
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Özevin, O, Yücel, R and Öncü, MA (2020). Fraud Detecting with Benford’s Law: An Alternative Approach with {BDS} and Critic Values. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi 22(1), pp. 107-126. DOI:10.31460/mbdd.609957. | ![]() |
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Roxas, ML (2011). Financial statement fraud detection using ratio and digital analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics 8(4), pp. 56-66. | ![]() |
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Saville, A (2006). Using Benford's law to detect data error and fraud: an examination of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9(3), 341-354. ISSN/ISBN:1015-8812. | ![]() |
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Tilden, C and Janes, T (2012). Empirical evidence of financial statement manipulation during economic recessions. Journal of finance and accountancy, 12, pp.1-15. | ![]() |
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Tsagbey, S, de Carvalho, M and Page, GL (2017). All Data are Wrong, but Some are Useful? Advocating the Need for Data Auditing . The American Statistician, 71, pp. 231--235. DOI:10.1080/00031305.2017.1311282. | ![]() |
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Zdraveski, D and Janeska, M (2021). Application of Benford's Law for Detecting Manipulation in the Financial Statements in Macedonian Companies. Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series, Issue 6/2021. | ![]() |
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Žgela, M and Dobša, J (2011). Analysis of Top 500 Central and East European Companies Net Income Using Benford's Law. Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences, Vol.35, No.2, Prosinac 2011, pp. 215-228. | ![]() |
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