This work cites the following items of the Benford Online Bibliography:
Adhikari, AK and Sarkar, BP (1968). Distribution of most significant digit in certain functions whose arguments are random variables. Sankhya-The Indian Journal of Statistics Series B, no. 30, pp. 47-58. ISSN/ISBN:0581-5738. | ![]() |
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Allaart, PC (1997). An invariant-sum characterization of Benford's law. Journal of Applied Probability 34(1), pp. 288-291. | ![]() |
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Asllani, A and Naco, M (2014). Using Benford’s Law for Fraud Detection in Accounting Practices. Journal of Social Science Studies 2(1), pp. 129-143. DOI:10.5296/jsss.v2i1.6395. | ![]() |
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Becker, PW (1982). Patterns in Listings of Failure-Rate and MTTF Values and Listings of Other Data. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 31(2), 132-134. ISSN/ISBN:0018-9529. | ![]() |
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Benford, F (1938). The law of anomalous numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Mar. 31, 1938), pp. 551-572. | ![]() |
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Berger, A and Hill, TP (2011). A basic theory of Benford's Law . Probability Surveys 8, pp. 1-126. DOI:10.1214/11-PS175. | ![]() |
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Berger, A and Hill, TP (2015). An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ. ISSN/ISBN:9780691163062. | ![]() |
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Bolton, RJ and Hand, DJ (2002). Statistical Fraud Detection: a review. Statistical Science 17(3), pp. 235-249. | ![]() |
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Boyle, J (1994). An Application of Fourier Series to the Most Significant Digit Problem. American Mathematical Monthly 101(9), pp. 879-886. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9890. DOI:10.2307/2975136. | ![]() |
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Buck, B, Merchant, AC and Perez, SM (1993). An illustration of Benford’s first digit law using alpha decay half lives. European Journal of Physics 14, pp. 59-63. | ![]() |
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Burke, J and Kincanon, E (1991). Benford's Law and Physical Constants - The Distribution of Initial Digits. American Journal of Physics 59 (10), p. 952. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9505. DOI:10.1119/1.16838. | ![]() |
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Carslaw, CAPN (1988). Anomalies in Income Numbers: Evidence of Goal Oriented Behavior. The Accounting Review 63(2), pp. 321-327. | ![]() |
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Cho, WKT and Gaines, BJ (2007). Breaking the (Benford) law: Statistical fraud detection in campaign finance. American Statistician 61(3), pp. 218-223. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.1198/000313007X223496. | ![]() |
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Costas, E, López-Rodas, V, Toro, FJ and Flores-Moya, A (2008). The number of cells in colonies of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa satisfies Benford's law. Aquatic Botany 89(3), pp. 341-343. DOI:10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.03.011. | ![]() |
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Diaconis, P (1977). The Distribution of Leading Digits and Uniform Distribution Mod 1. Annals of Probability 5(1), pp. 72-81. ISSN/ISBN:0091-1798. | ![]() |
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Diaconis, P and Freedman, D (1979). On Rounding Percentages. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74(366), pp. 359-364. ISSN/ISBN:0162-1459. | ![]() |
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Diekmann, A (2007). Not the First Digit! Using Benford's Law to Detect Fraudulent Scientific Data. Journal of Applied Statistics 34(3), pp. 321-329. ISSN/ISBN:0266-4763. DOI:10.1080/02664760601004940. | ![]() |
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Diekmann, A and Jann, B (2010). Benford’s Law and Fraud Detection: Facts and Legends. German Economic Review 11(3), pp. 397–401. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0475.2010.00510.x. | ![]() |
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Docampo, S, del Mar Trigo, M, Aira, M, Cabezudo, B and Flores-Moya, A (2009). Benford’s law applied to aerobiological data and its potential as a quality control tool . Aerobiologia 25, pp. 275-283 . ISSN/ISBN:0393-5965. DOI:10.1007/s10453-009-9132-8. | ![]() |
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Durtschi, C, Hillison, W and Pacini, C (2004). The effective use of Benford’s law to assist in detecting fraud in accounting data. Journal of Forensic Accounting 1524-5586/Vol. V, pp. 17-34. | ![]() |
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Fewster, RM (2009). A Simple Explanation of Benford's Law. American Statistician 63(1), pp. 26-32. DOI:10.1198/tast.2009.0005. | ![]() |
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Friar, JL, Goldman, T and Pérez–Mercader, J (2012). Genome Sizes and the Benford Distribution. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36624. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0036624. | ![]() |
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Giles, DE (2007). Benford's law and naturally occurring prices in certain eBay auctions. Applied Economics Letters 14(3), pp. 157-161. ISSN/ISBN:1350-4851. DOI:10.1080/13504850500425667. | ![]() |
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Gonzalez-Garcia, J and Pastor, G (2009). Benford’s Law and Macroeconomic Data Quality. International Monetary Fund Working Paper WP/09/10, Statistics Department, January 2009. | ![]() |
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Guan, L, He, D and Yang, D (2006). Auditing, integral approach to quarterly reporting, and cosmetic earnings management. Managerial Auditing Journal 21(6), pp. 569-581. DOI:10.1108/02686900610674861. | ![]() |
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Hamming, R (1970). On the distribution of numbers. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 49(8), pp. 1609-1625. ISSN/ISBN:0005-8580. DOI:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1970.tb04281.x. | ![]() |
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Haynes, AH (2012). Detecting Fraud in Bankrupt Municipalities Using Benford's Law. Scripps Senior Theses. Paper 42, http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/42; last accessed November 12, 2014. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1995). A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law. Statistical Science 10(4), pp. 354-363. ISSN/ISBN:0883-4237. | ![]() |
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Hill, TP (1995). Base-Invariance Implies Benford's Law. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 123(3), pp. 887-895. ISSN/ISBN:0002-9939. DOI:10.2307/2160815. | ![]() |
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Jamain, A (2001). Benford’s Law. Master Thesis. Imperial College of London and ENSIMAG. | ![]() |
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Judge, G and Schechter, L (2009). Detecting problems in survey data using Benford’s law. J. Human Resources 44, pp. 1-24. DOI:10.3368/jhr.44.1.1. | ![]() |
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Kinnunen, J and Koskela, M (2003). Who Is Miss World in Cosmetic Earnings Management? A Cross-National Comparison of Small Upward Rounding of Net Income Numbers among Eighteen Countries. Journal of International Accounting Research 2, pp. 39-68. DOI:10.2308/jiar.2003.2.1.39. | ![]() |
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Knuth, DE (1997). The Art of Computer Programming. pp. 253-264, vol. 2, 3rd ed, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. | ![]() |
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Leemis, LM, Schmeiser, BW and Evans, DL (2000). Survival Distributions Satisfying Benford's Law. American Statistician 54(4), pp. 236-241. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.2307/2685773. | ![]() |
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Ley, E (1996). On the Peculiar Distribution of the US Stock Indexes' Digits. American Statistician 50(4), pp. 311-313. ISSN/ISBN:0003-1305. DOI:10.1080/00031305.1996.10473558. | ![]() |
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Linville, M (2008). The Problem Of False Negative Results In The Use Of Digit Analysis. Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 24 Issue 1, pp. 17-25. | ![]() |
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Luque, B and Lacasa, L (2009). The first-digit frequencies of prime numbers and Riemann zeta zeros. Proc. Royal Soc. A, published online 22Apr09. DOI:10.1098/rspa.2009.0126. | ![]() |
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Matthews, R (1999). The Power of One. New Scientist 163, July 10, pp. 26-30. | ![]() |
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Mebane, WR Jr (2006). Detecting Attempted Election Theft: Vote Counts, Voting Machines and Benford’s Law. Paper prepared for the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL. | ![]() |
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Mebane, WR Jr (2006). Election Forensics: The Second-digit Benford’s Law Test and Recent American Presidential Elections. Proceedings of the Election Fraud Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 29-30, 2006. | ![]() |
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Mebane, WR Jr (2007). Statistics for digits. 2007 Summer Meeting of the Political Methodology Society, Penn State University, University Park, PA. | ![]() |
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Möller, M (2009). Measuring the Quality of Auditing Services with the Help of Benford’s Law - An Empirical Analysis and Discussion of this Methodical Approach. E-print available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1529307; last accessed June 23, 2014. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1529307. | ![]() |
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